Simple answer - it’s a vowel. Or - at least - it started out that way. But do you want to know why? Blame the Greeks.

And so - the slightly longer answer…

The Greek alphabet has 24 letters, seven of which are vowels. These seven are:

α (alpha) - the equivalent of a in the Roman alphabet

ε (epsilon) - the equivalent of ‘short’ e

η (eta) - the equivalent of ‘long’ e

ι (iota) - the equivalent of i

ο (omicron) - the equivalent of ‘short’ o

υ (upsilon) - the equivalent of u

ω (omega) - the equivalent of ‘long’ o

Like the Roman alphabet, the Greek alphabet has a set of capital letters that complements the small letters. In the case of the vowels, the capital and small letter pairings in Greek look like this:

Αα Eε Hη Iι Oο Yυ Ωω

In some cases (A, E, I and O), the Greek capital letter look the same as their Roman counterpart. Capital eta, confusingly, looks like a capital H. Capital omega looks quite unlike any Roman letter. Which leaves us with capital upsilon. And that looks just like a Roman capital Y (I say ‘Roman capital Y’, despite the fact that Classical Latin didn’t actually have a letter Y at all. It was ‘imported’ into English - which otherwise generally used the Roman alphabet - from Greek. Precisely the point I’m making here, of course. Blame the Greeks.)

And that is also why certain words that are spelt with an upsilon in Greek are spelt with a ‘y’ in English, where the English words are derived directly from the Greek. Let me give you a few examples. The English word ‘psyche’ (which also gives us other similar words, like ‘psychologist’, psychiatry’ and ‘psycho’), is derived from the Greek word ψυχη (psuche) - notice that the second letter is upsilon. Another example is ‘hypnosis’, an English world derived from the Greek word υπνωση (upnose). Here, the first Greek letter, an upsilon, has ‘turned’ into a ‘y’ in English. One final example: the English word ‘synagogue’ is derived from a not-unexpectedly common word that is found within the Greek New Testament, συναγωγη (sunagoge) - once again, note how a Greek upsilon has been rendered with a ‘y’ in English (and in all these examples, is actually pronounced ‘i’, whether long or short, and not ‘u’).

So, the Greek vowel upsilon is, effectively, the ancestor of two letters in English - U and Y. And ‘y’, therefore - at least in terms of origin - is to be considered a vowel, not a consonant.

Of course, over time it acquired a usage as a consonant too. But that - as they say - is another story.

Then, of course, there’s the way in which ‘i’ in Latin could be both vowel and consonant - and when pronounced as a consonant was pronounced as a ‘y’ (and, eventually, rendered as a ‘j’). So, for example, Iove (pronounced ‘Yove’) eventually gives us Jove, Iupiter (pronounced ‘Yupiter’) eventually yields Jupiter, and Iulius… well, you get the picture. But that’s yet another story.

There are also the occasions when ‘y’ in English actually derives from an archaic Anglo-Saxon letter for ‘th’ - which is why in the phrase ye olde tea shoppe, the ‘ye’ should actually be pronounced ‘the’ (contrary to what most people assume). But that is yet another, entirely different, story!

And then there’s ‘y’ in Welsh...

I’m going to stop now. You did want the simple answer - right?

What is Y?

Why isn't Y just obviously a vowel or consonant?

Because in the English language we enjoy confusing people.

…Yes, ENJOY.

At least, that the only reason I can think of.

I personally think that what happened was that the letters V and I got married and had Y.

If you look closely, you can see the family resemblance.

Y got V's head and I's leg.

See it?

Yup, that is the story of Y.

It's a vowel and a consonant, depending on its mood.

Or something like that, I guess.

It ought to be a vowel, because we have less of those.

We really just want to confuse people learning English.

Why?…because we can.

It's just one of those things that outrages my orderly, wordy, spelling and grammer-loving soul.

I would rebel by using no Y's ever again, but that's too hard. I talk so much that I need every letter for variety.

Oh, well.

That's life!

I suppose.

look. yes, when you are a hatchling, you are taught the five vowel, AEIOU and no one teaches a sixth one the vowel Y. they also do not teach anything about W, or Ü. or many other vowels that are distinct, yet mostly esoteric in modern english. the problem with spelling of words, stems from the semmely arbitrary nature of how some letters were chosen or dropped, particularly if it was borrowed from other languages.

why is fantasy spelled with a Y and not with an I or an IE or just an E. (in german for example it is fantase) .

y is a vowel that may be more ambiguous today, than it used to be, having a distinct sound. funny enough, it is based on the greek letter upsilon that is definitely a vowel but sounds like a U. which in turn was burrowed from pheonician waw sound (that letter looks like an i with the dot a bigger circle.

now vowel May serve as consonents, and then require another vowel to designate the movement. (yet, year, foyer, etc). but that does not reduce its definition as a vowel.

incidentally, the only western letter to be employed in Chinese writung is the capital Y or 丫ya. this three-brush stroke, charachrer, is a phonic representation. of the sound ya. but when connected to other.characters is normally something to do with ""girl""

The used but forgotten letter,

Lurking just second to last,

But is it last,

Or just struggling.

Y is a Constant and a Vowel,

It is neither and yet both,

Used for both,

But if I must say,

My input,

I must agree that it is more a constant then a vowel.

Y Yes it is - Sometimes.

Why is y sometimes a vowel....well, if a word has no other vowels - it would be considered a vowel. If a y comes at the end of the word it too is considered a vowel. If you find it in the middle of a word it also is considered a vowel. Sigh that clears everything up, right?

There is more...if y starts a word then it is considered a consonant or like in the word lawyer where it starts as a second syllable. I think of y as a "special" letter. One that can swing both ways. Sigh.... that clears everything up, right? It's the way I was taught and it's how I have explained it to my students. (Don't forget how y is part of diphthong...)

It really just depends....so...Y'all, why don't we go to the gym and make it one of our yearly chatty fun days....